From the Author
This project was made possible by the financial backing of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) and by the support and participation of Mario Béland (Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec), Christine Brisson (Château Ramezay, Montreal), Maxime Gohier (Canada Research Chair in the Aboriginal Land Question, Université du Québec à Montréal), Jonathan Lainey (Library and Archives Canada, Ottawa), Guislaine Lemay (McCord Museum, Montreal), Marie Pelletier (Séminaire de Nicolet), Stéphane Picard (Council of the Huron-Wendat Nation), Louis-Karl Picard-Sioui and Marie-Paule Robitaille (Musée de la civilisation, Quebec City), Michel Teharihulen Savard (Huron-Wendat Museum, Wendake), Guy Sioui Durand (sociologist and curator), Marcel Taillon (photographer), Benoît Thériault (Canadian Museum of History, Gatineau), and the archivists of the Centre de référence de l’Amérique française, Quebec City. Sandrine Garon, Gabrielle Marcoux, Isabelle Masse, David Nadeau, and Gabrielle Roberge, student research assistants at the Université de Montréal, were also important to the project. I want finally to thank the entire team at the Art Canada Institute for their generosity and professionalism. I am honoured to be part of this adventure and to have contributed to an increased public awareness of the work of Zacharie Vincent and his community.
From the Art Canada Institute
This online art book was made possible thanks to the generosity of its Title Sponsor, The Hal Jackman Foundation, and the Lead Sponsor, BMO Financial Group, as well as the Online Art Book Sponsors for the 2013–14 Season: Aimia; Gluskin Sheff + Associates Inc.; The McLean Foundation; TD Bank Group; Partners in Art; Rosamond Ivey; and Rosenthal Zaretsky Niman & Co., LLP.
Thanks also to the Art Canada Institute Founding Patrons: Sara and Michael Angel, Jalynn H. Bennett, The Butterfield Family Foundation, David and Vivian Campbell, Albert E. Cummings, Kiki and Ian Delaney, The Fleck Family, Roger and Kevin Garland, Michelle Koerner and Kevin Doyle, Phil Lind, Sarah and Tom Milroy, Charles Pachter, Gerald Sheff and Shanitha Kachan, Sandra L. Simpson, and Robin and David Young; as well as its Founding Partner Patrons: The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation and Partners in Art.
Image Sources
Every effort has been made to secure permissions for all copyrighted material. The Art Canada Institute will gladly correct any errors or omissions.
Credit for Cover Image
Zacharie Vincent, Self-Portrait, n.d. (See below for details.)
Credits for Banner Images
Biography: Louis-Prudent Vallée, Zacharie Tehar-i-olin Vincent, c. 1875–78. (See below for details.)
Key Works: Zacharie Vincent, Lake Saint-Charles, c. 1860. (See below for details.)
Significance & Critical Issues: Zacharie Vincent, Fire at the Paper Mill in Lorette, c. 1862. (See below for details.)
Style & Technique: Zacharie Vincent, Huron Chief Zacharie Vincent Telariolin Painting a Self-Portrait, c. 1875. (See below for details.)
Sources & Resources: Antoine Plamondon, The Last of the Hurons (Zacharie Vincent), 1838. (See below for details.)
Where to See: Zacharie Vincent’s Zacharie Vincent Telari-o-lin, Huron Chief and Painter on display at Château Ramezay, Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Credits for Works by Zacharie Vincent
Camp at the Foot of the Mountain, n.d. Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Camp Site (Man with Long Coat), n.d. Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Campsite on Escarpment, n.d. Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Fire at the Paper Mill in Lorette, c. 1862. Musée de la civilisation, Quebec City.
Head of a Moose, From Nature, c. 1855. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (1992.56).
Huron Chief Zacharie Vincent Telariolin Painting a Self-Portrait, c. 1875. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (1934. 529).
Indian Skirmish, n.d. Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Lake Saint-Charles, c. 1860. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (1974.03).
Lorette Falls, c. 1860. Musée de la civilisation, Quebec City (1958.545).
Self-Portrait, n.d. Musée de la civilisation, Quebec City (1991.102).
Snowshoe Maker, n.d. Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Tecumseh, Huron, n.d. Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Two Women with Figure in an Infant Carrier, n.d. Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Zacharie Vincent and His Son Cyprien, c. 1851. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (1947.156).
Zacharie Vincent Telari-o-lin, Huron Chief and Painter, c. 1875–78. Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Credits for Photographs and Works by Other Artists
Adolphe, Auguste, Eugène and Alphonse Hamel, the Artist’s Nephews, 1847, by Théophile Hamel. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (1967.05).
The journalist and historian André-Napoléon Montpetit, dressed as Honorary Huron Chief, photographed by George William Ellisson, 1878. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (2006.1211).
The Last Indian, 1901, by Louis-Philippe Hébert. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (3139).
A late nineteenth-century calling card from the Halifax studio of William Notman, 1876. Private collection.
Madame René-Édouard Caron, Née Josephine de Blois, and Her Daughter Ozine, 1846, by Théophile Hamel. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (1947.129).
Mythologie huronne et wyandotte by Marius Barbeau (Montreal: Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 1994).
The Narrows on Lake St. Charles, 1859, by Cornelius Krieghoff. Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto.
The Last of the Hurons (Zacharie Vincent), 1838, by Antoine Plamondon. Collection of the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, Gift of the Schaeffer family, Thornhill, Ontario, 2018 (48622).
Presentation of a Newly Elected Chief of the Huron Tribe, 1838, by Henry Daniel Thielcke. Château Ramezay, Montreal.
Regard intérieur, by Pierre Sioui, 1985. Collection of Rae and Allan J. Ryan. In Zena Pearlstone and Allan J. Ryan, About Face: Self-Portraits by Native American, First Nations, and Inuit Artists (Santa Fe: Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian, 2006).
Religious works on display in the church of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, Wendake, 1927, photographed by Edgar Gariépy. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (P136, S182, P1 / P136, S182, P3).
Religious works on display in the church of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, Wendake, 1927, photographed by Edgar Gariépy. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (P136, S182, P1 / P136, S182, P3).
Rising to the Occasion, 1987–91, by Rebecca Belmore. Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto.
Samuel de Champlain’s map from 1611 of the Kahnawake Mohawk territory on the St. Lawrence River. Ville de Montréal, section des archives (VM66S1P005 11).
Self-Portrait in the Studio, c. 1849–50, by Théophile Hamel. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (1934.237).
Tehariolui in the Land of Spirits, 1985, by Pierre Sioui. Musée amérindien de Mashteuiatsh, Quebec.
Telari-o-lin, the Last of the Hurons of Lorette, 1879, by Eugène Hamel. Private collection, photo courtesy of Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec.
Village of Lorette, near Quebec, 1840, by W.H. Bartlett. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa (39305).
Young Indian Girls in Lorette, 1865, by Théophile Hamel. Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (1977.28).
Zacharie Tehar-i-olin Vincent, c. 1875–78, by Louis-Prudent Vallée. Bibliothèque et archives nationales du Québec (P1000, S4, D83, PV19-2).
Zacharie Vincent, photographed by Louis-Prudent Vallée, c. 1875–78. Marius Barbeau fonds, Canadian Museum of History (9408).
Zacharie Vincent seated at his easel, at work on a self-portrait, photographed by Louis-Prudent Vallée, c. 1875–78. Special Collections and Rare Books, Université de Montréal.
Art Canada Institute
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Toronto, ON M5S 2E1
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Vigneault, Louise, 1965-
[Zacharie Vincent. English]
Zacharie Vincent : life & work / Louise Vigneault ; translator, Doris Cowan.
Translation of: Zacharie Vincent. Includes bibliographical references.
Contents: Biography — Key works — Significance & critical issues — Style & technique — Where to see — Notes — Glossary — Sources & resources — About the author — Credits.
Electronic monograph.
ISBN 978-1-4871-0022-3 (pdf).—ISBN 978-1-4871-0024-7 (epub)
1. Vincent, Zacharie, 1815-1886. 2. Vincent, Zacharie, 1815-1886—Criticism and interpretation. 3. Indian artists—Canada—Biography. 4. Native art—Canada—19th century. 5. Art, Canadian—19th century. I. Cowan, Doris, translator II. Art Canada Institute III. Title. IV. Title: Zacharie Vincent. English.
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