From the Author
This project would not have happened without the help of my research assistant, Julie Richard. I am grateful to my friends and colleagues Louise Déry, Mario Côté, Louise Vigneault, Gilles Lapointe, Peter Hodgins, Ken Carpenter, Marie Beaulieu, and many others. Paul Bradley and the Galerie Simon Blais were extremely generous in sharing images of Sullivan’s work. I am especially indebted to Françoise Sullivan, who made me tea in her Pointe-Saint-Charles studio, and took the time to discuss her life and work with me.
I was honoured to be asked to write about Françoise Sullivan by Art Canada Institute. I wish to thank Sara Angel and Anna Hudson for thinking of me, as well as the other members of the ACI team who contributed to this book: Lara Hinchberger, Kendra Ward, Simone Wharton, Laura Demers, Emily Derr, and Ginette Jubinville.
From the Art Canada Institute
The Art Canada Institute gratefully acknowledges the generosity of Alexandra Bennett in memory of Jalynn Bennett, the Title Sponsor of this book.
The Art Canada Institute gratefully acknowledges its other sponsors for the 2017–18 Season: Aimia, Consignor Canadian Fine Art, Kiki and Ian Delaney, Richard and Donna Ivey, the six children of Betty-Ann McNicoll-Elliott and R. Fraser Elliott, The Sabourin Family Foundation, Sandra L. Simpson, and TD Bank Group.
We also sincerely thank the Founding Sponsor for the Art Canada Institute: BMO Financial Group; and the Art Canada Institute Founding Patrons: Jalynn H. Bennett, Butterfield Family Foundation, David and Vivian Campbell, Albert E. Cummings, Kiki and Ian Delaney, Dr. Jon S. and Mrs. Lyne Dellandrea, the Fleck family, Roger and Kevin Garland, Glorious & Free Foundation, The Scott Griffin Foundation, Gershon Iskowitz Foundation, Jane Huh, Michelle Koerner and Kevin Doyle, Lawson Hunter, Phil Lind, Nancy McCain and Bill Morneau, Sarah and Tom Milroy, Partners in Art, Gerald Sheff and Shanitha Kachan, Sandra L. Simpson, Stephen Smart, Pam and Mike Stein, Nalini and Tim Stewart, The Pierre Elliott Trudeau Foundation, Robin and David Young, and Sara and Michael Angel.
We thank our Lead Benefactors: Alexandra Baillie, Alexandra Bennett, Grant and Alice Burton, Kiki and Ian Delaney, Dr. Jon S. and Mrs. Lyne Dellandrea, Michelle Koerner and Kevin Doyle, James and Melinda Harrison, Sarah and Tom Milroy, Partners in Art, Pam and Michael Stein, and Sara and Michael Angel.
We thank our Patrons: Connor, Clark & Lunn Foundation and Lawson Hunter.
The ACI gratefully acknowledges the support and assistance of the Archives de la ville de Montréal (Gilles Lafontaine); Art Gallery of Ontario (Eva Athanasiu); Bibliothèque et archives nationales du Québec (Hyacinthe Munger); Bibliothèque de la danse Vincent-Warren (Marie-Josée Lecours); Canada Council Art Bank (Christine Couture and Martha Young); Canadian Art Database (Bill Kirby); Concordia University Archive (Ellen Gressling); Dance Collection Danse Archive (Amy Bowring), Galerie de l’UQAM (Louise Déry), Galerie Simon Blais (Paul Bradley); Harbourfront Centre Gallery (Yvonne Lammerich and Marlee Choo); Montreal Museum of Fine Arts (Marie-Claude Saia and Claudine Nicol); Musée d’art contemporain de Montréal (Pascale Tremblay); Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (Lina Doyon); National Gallery of Canada (Raven Amiro); Photo Gaby (Ronald Desmarais); Thomas Fisher Rare Books Library at the University of Toronto (Elizabeth Ridolfo); University of Regina Archives (Trevor Hopkin), as well as Luis Jacob and Gilles Lessard.
We also would like to acknowledge the image research assistance of Isadora Chicoine-Marinier and Françoise Sullivan.
Image Sources
Every effort has been made to secure permissions for all copyrighted material. The Art Canada Institute will gladly correct any errors or omissions.
Credits for Banner Images
Biography: Françoise Sullivan, 1980. Photograph by Louise Descoteaux. Courtesy of Galerie Simon Blais, Montreal.
Key Works: Homage to Paterson, 2003. (See below for details.)
Significance & Critical Issues: Only Red no. 2, 2016. (See below for details.)
Style & Technique: Françoise Sullivan and Jeanne Renaud in Duality (Dualité), 1948. (See below for details.)
Sources & Resources: A page from Refus global; “La danse et l’espoir,” 1948. The Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto, D-10 7108.
Where to See: Françoise Sullivan’s Montreal studio, 2015. Photographer unknown. Archive of the artist. Courtesy of the artist.
I Speak (Je parle), 1993, choreography, text, and painted tondo, performed by Ginette Boutin during the opening of the exhibition Françoise Sullivan:Trajectoires resplendissantes, January 10, 2017. Photograph by Isadora Chicoine-Marinier. Courtesy of Galerie de l’UQAM.
Cover of the catalogue for the exhibition Françoise Sullivan:Trajectoires resplendissantes, 2017. Courtesy of the Galerie de l’UQAM.
A Dance for Those of Us Whose Hearts Have Turned to Ice, Based on the Choreography of Françoise Sullivan and the Sculpture of Barbara Hepworth (with Sign-Language Supplement), 2007, by Luis Jacob. Courtesy of the artist.
Demolition of Corridart, Sherbrooke Street, July 13 and 14, 1976. Photograph by Louis-Philippe Meunier. Archives de la ville de Montréal, VM94-EM0752-008.
Handprints (Empreintes), 2015, instruction of Paul-André Fortier performed by Françoise Sullivan during the opening of the exhibition do it Montreal, Galerie de l’UQAM, January 12, 2016, Montreal. Photograph by David Ospina. Courtesy of Galerie de l’UQAM.
Handprints (Empreintes), 2015, instruction of Paul-André Fortier performed by Françoise Sullivan during the opening of the exhibition do it Montreal, Galerie de l’UQAM, January 12, 2016, Montreal. Photograph by L-P Côté. Courtesy of Galerie de l’UQAM.
Françoise Sullivan, 1936. Photograph by Studio Garcia. Courtesy of Galerie Simon Blais, Montreal.
Françoise Sullivan, c. 1964. Photograph by Photo Gaby. Archive of the artist. Courtesy of the artist.
Françoise Sullivan, c. 1965. Photograph by George C. Fenyon. Dance Collection Danse Archive, Toronto.
Françoise Sullivan, age fourteen, at l’École de danse Gérald Crevier. Photographer unknown. Dance Collection Danse Archive, Toronto.
Françoise Sullivan and her sons, c. mid-1960s. Photograph by Paterson Ewen. Archive of the artist. Courtesy of the artist.
Françoise Sullivan and her sons, Vincent, Geoffrey, Jean-Christophe, and Francis, in their home, 1961. Photograph by Paterson Ewen. Courtesy of the artist.
Françoise Sullivan and Jeanne Renaud in Duality (Dualité), 1948. Photograph by Arthur Renaud. Fonds Iro Valaskakis Tembeck, Bibliothèque de la danse Vincent-Warren, Montreal, PHO-S855-1948-01.
Françoise Sullivan and Jeanne Renaud in Duality (Dualité), 1948. Photographer unknown. Courtesy of the Dance Collection Danse Archive, Toronto.
Françoise Sullivan and Penny Kondak in Duality (Dualité), 1949. Photographer unknown. Archive of the artist. Courtesy of the artist.
Françoise Sullivan and Pierre Gauvreau, at l’École de danse Gérald Crevier, “Le spectre de la rose,” 1940s. Photograph by Niemi Studios. Courtesy of the artist.
Françoise Sullivan at Franziska Boas’s studio in New York, c. 1947. Photographer unknown. Courtesy of the artist.
Françoise Sullivan at Hickey Plastics, working on a Plexiglas sculpture, 1968. Photograph by Michiko Yajima Gagnon. Dance Collection Danse Archive, Toronto.
Françoise Sullivan at the Venice Biennale, 1970. Photograph by Louis Comtois. Courtesy of the artist.
Françoise Sullivan (front), John A. Sullivan (left), and Corinne Sullivan (third from left) with family friends, 1934. Archive of the artist. Courtesy of Galerie Simon Blais, Montreal.
Françoise Sullivan with Mary O’Connell at Franziska Boas’s studio in New York, c. 1947. Photographer unknown. Dance Collection Danse Archive, Toronto.
Ginette Boutin in Black and Tan, 1992, a choreography by Françoise Sullivan. Photographer unknown. Courtesy of the Centre for Contemporary Canadian Art.
Pierre Gauvreau, Françoise Sullivan, Louise Renaud, Madeleine and Mimi Lalonde, Claude Gauvreau, and Marcel Barbeau in Saint-Hilaire, 1946. Photographer unknown. Dance Collection Danse Archive, Toronto.
Plate from the album Dance in the Snow, choreography improvised by Françoise Sullivan, 1948, print 1977, by Jean-Paul Riopelle. Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, Monique Arnoldi Bequest (2008.95.18). Photo credit: Montreal Museum of Fine Arts.
Poster for the performance And the Night to the Night (Et la nuit à la nuit) by Françoise Sullivan’s dance group, 1981, Dance Collection Danse Archive, Toronto.
Rideau, performed by Jeanne Renaud and Peter Boneham, during Expression 65 in 1965. Set design by Françoise Sullivan. Photograph by Marc-André Gagné. Bibliothèque de la danse Vincent-Warren, Montreal, (PHO-R463-1965-RID-01).
Shefler’s Springtime Revue at His Majesty’s Theatre in Montreal, April 27, 1934. Photograph by Ashton and Doucet. Dance Collection Danse Archive, Toronto.
Souvenir program The Firebird, from the Ballets Russes of Serge Diaghilev, 1910. Library of Congress, Music Division.
Françoise Sullivan (b. 1923) is best known as a pioneering figure of modern dance and one of the signatories of the 1948 manifesto Refus global (Total Refusal).